Diabetes-its types and ways to prevent it.

What is diabetes?

diabetes It is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar . Diabetes occurs due to decreased secretion of the hormone insulin, when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin in sufficient quantity or the body's ability to use it effectively declines, leading to the accumulation of glucose, or sugar, in the blood. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels, and helps bring glucose molecules into cells to be stored or used to produce energy.

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar. Diabetes occurs due to decreased secretion of the hormone insulin, when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin in sufficient quantity or the body's ability to use it effectively declines, leading to the accumulation of glucose, or sugar, in the blood.

Metabolism, metabolic process, or nutritional metabolism, is a set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms on various food substances using enzymatic factors for the purpose of obtaining energy or building tissues. The carbohydrates that the body obtains from eating food gradually break down and decompose, as the process of decomposition and decomposition begins. This takes place in the stomach, then continues in the duodenum and small intestine, where the process of disintegration and decomposition produces a group of sugars that are absorbed into the blood circulation, and the balance between the hormones insulin and glucagon maintains the stability of the hormone. Blood glucose level and avoids severe changes.

What are the symptoms of diabetes in its early stages?

Symptoms of diabetes vary Between people and also depends on the type of diabetes.

Below is a breakdown of the most common symptoms:

Symptoms of diabetes

A sign of illness	a description
Extreme thirst	Glucose secretion increases through the kidneys to eliminate it, leading to loss of fluids and a feeling of thirst. A normal person may need to urinate 4-7 times a day, while a diabetic may need much more than that.
Urinating frequently	Excess glucose excretion through the kidneys increases the amount of urine. As the blood glucose level increases, its excretion by the kidneys increases and urine production increases accordingly.
Extreme hunger	Cells cannot use glucose to produce energy due to insulin deficiency or resistance, causing feelings of hunger. A person may feel constant hunger even after eating.
Unexplained weight loss	The body resorts to burning fat and muscle to produce energy due to its lack of glucose. A person may lose weight without changing their diet or exercising.
exhaustion	The lack of energy in the cells leads to a feeling of fatigue and exhaustion. A person may feel tired even after short periods of rest.
Blurred vision	Changes in fluid levels in the body cause the lens of the eye to swell and lose its ability to focus. The person may see with blurry clarity or have difficulty focusing on distant objects.
Slow wound healing	High blood sugar causes damage to nerves and blood vessels, which hinders wound healing. Wounds may take longer to heal or may not heal at all.
Recurrent infections	The patient becomes more susceptible to fungal infections of the skin, gums, vagina, or urinary bladder. These infections may be difficult to treat and last longer than usual.

Additional symptoms of diabetes

He writes	A sign of illness	a description
Type 1	Unexplained weight loss	It is considered one of the distinctive symptoms of type 1 diabetes, as the body resorts to burning fat and muscle to produce energy. A person may lose weight quickly and without changing his lifestyle.
Type 1	Vomiting and nausea	These symptoms result from the accumulation of ketones in the blood due to a lack of insulin. A person may feel nauseous and vomit, especially after long periods of fasting or stress.
Type 2	Fungal infections	The patient becomes more susceptible to fungal infections due to high blood sugar levels. These infections may appear in warm, moist areas of the body, such as between the fingers or under the breast.
Type 2	Numbness in the hands and feet	Nerve damage leads to numbness in the hands and feet. The person may feel tingling, tingling, or numbness in these areas.
Pregnancy	Pregnant women often have no symptoms, and the infection is detected by routine screening. Some pregnant women may feel increased thirst and a frequent need to urinate.

Complications of diabetes On sexual intercourse

complication	a description
Erectile dysfunction in men	High blood sugar damages nerves and blood vessels, affecting blood flow to the reproductive organs. Men may have difficulty getting or maintaining an erection.
Vaginal dryness	High blood sugar causes dryness of the mucous membranes, including the vagina. Women may experience dryness and pain during intercourse.
Decreased sexual desire	Diabetes can cause fatigue and exhaustion, which reduces libido. Both men and women may experience decreased libido due to diabetes.

Treating complications of diabetes Related to sexual intercourse

Treatment	a description
Maintaining blood sugar levels	Good control of blood sugar levels is one of the most important steps in treating diabetes complications during sexual intercourse.
Pharmaceutical treatments	Some medications, such as Viagra, may help treat erectile dysfunction in men. Some medications, such as vaginal moisturizers, may help treat vaginal dryness in women.
Psychotherapy	Psychotherapy may help treat feelings of anxiety and depression that may affect sexual desire.
Lifestyle change	Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly may help improve overall health and ability to have sex.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that can be controlled through early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Diabetes complications, including sexual intercourse, can be prevented by eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and keeping blood sugar levels under control.
People with diabetes should talk to their doctors about any concerns they have about their health, including their sexual health.
With proper treatment, diabetics can live healthy, active, and sexually satisfying lives.

What are the causes of diabetes?

Diabetes is a common chronic disease, affecting millions of people around the world. This disease results from a defect in the process of regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels in the body, which leads to its accumulation in the bloodstream. . Different Causes of diabetes According to its type, and in this paragraph we will explain the basic points for each type.
1. main reasons:
• Obesity: Obesity is considered one of the most important risk factors for developing diabetes, especially type 2.
• Lack of physical activity: Lack of movement leads to poor sensitivity of cells to insulin, making it difficult for the body to do this. Glucose absorption.
• Diet: A diet rich in fats and sugars is one of the factors that cause diabetes, as it leads to cell resistance to insulin.
2. Causes of type 1 diabetes:
• The immune system attacks pancreatic cells: In this type, the immune system mistakenly attacks the pancreatic cells responsible for secreting insulin, leading to a sharp decrease in the secretion of this hormone.
• Genetic factors: Genes play an important role in developing type 1 diabetes, as people who have family members with this type are more susceptible to it.
• Exposure to viral diseases: It is believed that some viruses may stimulate the immune system to attack pancreatic cells.
3. Causes of type 2 diabetes :
• Cell resistance to insulin: In this type, the body’s cells become resistant to the hormone insulin, which leads to the accumulation of glucose in the blood.
• Insulin deficiency: The pancreas may not be able to secrete enough insulin to overcome cell resistance.
• Genetic factors: Genes play an important role in developing type 2 diabetes, as people who have family members with this type are more susceptible to it.
• Environmental factors: Environmental factors that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes include:
o Overweight and obesity.
o Lack of physical activity.
o Getting older.
o High blood pressure.
o High cholesterol.
- Family history of diabetes.
o Certain ethnicities, such as African Americans and Latinos.
4. Causes of gestational diabetes:
• Hormonal changes: During pregnancy, the placenta secretes hormones that reduce the sensitivity of cells to insulin.
• Overweight and obesity.
• Family history of diabetes.
• History of gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy.
• get old.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome.
• Giving birth to a baby weighing more than 4 kg in a previous pregnancy.
Understanding the causes of diabetes and the various risk factors is essential to prevent it or delay its onset, especially for type 2 patients, by following a healthy lifestyle such as maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and following a healthy diet rich in fiber and low in calories. In fats and sugars and conduct periodic examinations. For diabetes

How to treat diabetes

Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases spread around the world, and its treatment varies according to its type and severity. Aim to
Treatment of diabetes In general, it restores blood sugar levels to normal, prevents complications, and improves the patient's quality of life.
Treatment for diabetes depends on its type, as the treatments available for type 1 diabetes differ from those used for type 2.
Treatments used in cases of gestational diabetes and prediabetes also differ.

Types of diabetes	Treatment
Type I	Insulin injections: It is the basic treatment, and it is administered in several ways, such as injections with a syringe or insulin pump. Blood sugar monitoring: necessary to adjust insulin dose. Lifestyle change: This includes following a healthy diet and exercising regularly.
The second type	Lifestyle change: The basis of treatment, which includes following a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and losing weight. Oral medications: They are used to control blood sugar levels, and their types vary. Insulin injections: Some patients may need insulin injections in addition to oral medications.
Pregnancy diabetes	Lifestyle change: The basis of treatment, which includes following a healthy diet and exercising regularly. Medications: Some women may need medications to control blood sugar levels. Insulin injections: safe for the fetus and used in some cases.
Prediabetes	Lifestyle changes: necessary to prevent type 2 diabetes. Medications: These can be used in some cases to help control blood sugar levels.
Diabetes treatment goals	Controlling blood sugar levels: to maintain organ health and prevent complications. Preventing complications: such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and vision loss. Improving quality of life: by controlling symptoms and improving overall health.
General advice for diabetics	Monitor blood sugar levels regularly: according to your doctor’s instructions. Follow a healthy diet: rich in fiber and low in calories and fat. Exercise regularly: at least 30 minutes most days of the week. Maintain a healthy weight: Lose weight if necessary. Quitting smoking: It has a negative impact on the health of a diabetic patient. Take medications regularly: according to the doctor’s instructions. Periodic follow-up with the doctor: to monitor the health condition and adjust treatment as needed.

Diabetes management requires constant monitoring and ongoing cooperation between the patient and the treating medical team. By adhering to the treatment plan and communicating effectively with doctors, patients can control their blood sugar levels and maintain good health.
Diabetes can be well controlled with appropriate treatment, which usually includes lifestyle changes and medications.
It is important to monitor blood sugar levels regularly, and consult a doctor periodically to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed. By adhering to treatment and medical instructions, a diabetic patient can live a long and healthy life.

What are the ways to prevent diabetes?

Diabetes prevention It is essential to maintain an individual's health and quality of life. Type 2 diabetes is particularly common, however, some simple steps can be taken to prevent and control it. In these upcoming points, we will take a look at the most prominent ways through which you can avoid diabetes and maintain good health.

• Follow a healthy diet:
• Eat abundant amounts of fruits and vegetables: they are rich in fiber, vitamins and minerals that help regulate blood sugar levels.
•Choose whole grains instead of refined grains: Whole grains help you feel full longer, which reduces the desire to overeat.
•Eat healthy fats: such as those found in nuts, seeds, and fatty fish, while reducing the consumption of saturated and trans fats.
• Reduce your intake of sugars and sugary drinks: because they cause a rapid rise in blood sugar levels.
• Increase physical activity:
• Exercise regularly: Physical activity helps control blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity.
• Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week.
• You can start with simple exercises such as walking or riding a bike, then gradually increase the duration and intensity of the exercises.
• Maintain a healthy weight:
• Losing excess weight or maintaining a healthy weight is one of the most important factors in preventing diabetes.
•Even losing a small amount of weight, such as 5-7% of your body weight, can make a big difference in reducing your risk of diabetes.
• Quit Smoking:
• Smoking is one of the main risk factors for developing diabetes.
• Quitting smoking improves cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of diabetes complications.
• Consult your doctor regularly:
• It is important to have regular tests to measure your blood sugar levels, especially if you are at risk of diabetes.
•Your doctor can give you personalized advice to prevent diabetes or delay its onset.
Remember that preventing diabetes is possible by following a healthy lifestyle. Make sure to follow the tips mentioned in this article, and consult your doctor regularly to conduct the necessary tests and obtain appropriate guidance. By following a healthy lifestyle, you can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes. Maintaining good health, activity and vitality.
NB:
Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented.
•Some medications may help delay the onset of type 1 diabetes or alleviate its symptoms, but they have side effects.

When is high blood sugar dangerous?

Is diabetes dangerous? High blood sugar can be dangerous and lead to serious health complications, especially if a person has diabetes. You must pay attention to and control sugar levels to avoid conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a condition resulting from a lack of insulin in the body.

Which leads to the use of fats instead of glucose for energy, and results in the formation of ketones, which may accumulate in the blood and lead to coma if left untreated.

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar. Diabetes occurs due to decreased secretion of the hormone insulin, when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin in sufficient quantity or the body's ability to use it effectively declines, leading to the accumulation of glucose, or sugar, in the blood.

High blood sugar can also lead to hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome, a condition that occurs when glucose levels are very high, above 600 mg/dL, without ketones, and can lead to severe dehydration and coma if left untreated. It is recommended to follow up with your doctor to find out the normal blood sugar level and the necessary instructions to maintain good health.

When do we say that a person has diabetes?

Diagnosis of diabetes Diabetes is a common disease that affects the overall health of individuals, and diagnosing diabetes requires a deep understanding of the symptoms and signs associated with it. Diagnostic methods vary between clinical and laboratory tests, all of which aim to accurately determine the presence of the disease to facilitate the treatment process, and this includes clinical and laboratory tests.

Diagnosis of diabetes

Diagnostic method	a description
Medical examination at the clinic	It involves asking questions about symptoms such as frequent urination, thirst, shivering, weight loss, increased appetite, fatigue, non-healing wounds, and recurring infections.
Urine examination	It is performed using a urine sample, and a urine sugar level above 180 mg/dL is considered evidence of high blood sugar.
Blood tests	Cumulative sugar test: shows the level of sugar in hemoglobin over a period of three months. Fasting blood sugar test: It is performed after 8 hours of fasting and shows the blood sugar level. Random blood sugar test: It is performed at any time without fasting. Oral glucose tolerance test: Performed after consuming carbohydrates and fasting overnight.

Complications of diabetes

Severe complications of diabetes:

complication	a description
Diabetic ketoacidosis	One of the most serious complications of diabetes, it is caused by a lack of insulin, which forces the body to break down fats instead of glucose to produce energy, and produces toxic substances called ketones.
Diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome	It often occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes, as a result of high blood sugar and severe dehydration.

Chronic complications of diabetes:

complication	a description
eyes illnesses	They include retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma, and may lead to vision loss.
Foot complications	It causes damage to nerves and blood vessels, leading to wounds and ulcers that are difficult to heal, and may require amputation of the foot in some cases.
Cardiovascular diseases	It increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes, due to damage to blood vessels and high blood pressure.
Nephropathy	It causes kidney damage, which may lead to kidney failure.
Neuropathy	It causes nerve damage, leading to pain, numbness and muscle weakness.
Gum and mouth diseases	Increases the risk of gum disease and tooth loss.
Sexual complications of diabetes	It may affect sexual function in men and women.
Fungal infections	Increases the risk of fungal yeast infections.
Sexually transmitted diseases	Increases the risk of sexually transmitted diseases.
Urinary tract infections	Increases the risk of urinary tract infections.
Other disorders	Such as hearing loss, digestive disorders, and depression.

Diabetes complications can be prevented Or delay it by following a healthy lifestyle that includes good blood sugar control, a balanced diet, regular exercise, abstaining from smoking, and adhering to medical treatments prescribed by the doctor. Early diagnosis of diabetes and taking preventive steps to control blood sugar levels are among the most important factors that contribute significantly to reducing the risk Suffering from complications of diabetes Improving the quality of life in general.

What is the prognosis for diabetes?

The course of diabetes depends on the degree of control of the patient's blood sugar level, in addition to whether complications appear or not, and the appearance of complications depends largely on the duration of the disease more than its severity.
A diabetic patient needs to adjust his treatment plan from time to time, due to the increase in insulin resistance with age, in addition to the weakness of pancreatic cells over time and their inability to secrete a sufficient amount of insulin. Most patients need more than one medication to control blood sugar several years after developing type 2 diabetes.

Five closing questions with answers about diabetes.

1. What factors increase the risk of diabetes?
o Factors include obesity, lack of physical activity, family history of disease, and some health conditions such as high blood pressure and cholesterol.
2. How can patients control diabetes and prevent its complications?
o Control includes following a healthy diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, and adhering to the prescribed treatment plan.
3. Why is it important to check blood sugar levels regularly?
o Regular screening helps monitor diabetes control and adjust the treatment plan as needed to avoid complications.
4. Can diabetes be treated?
o Type 1 diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be controlled. As for the second type, it may improve significantly with health changes and may reach control without the need for medications.
5. What are the recommendations for people at risk of developing diabetes?
o Lifestyle changes such as improving diet, increasing physical activity and controlling weight are recommended to reduce the risk of diabetes.
These questions help deepen your understanding of diabetes and how to manage and prevent it.